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The Barony of Polop and Benidorm is an ancient Spanish hereditary lordship in the Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon (in Spanish, ''baronía señorial aragonesa''). The barony, including its castle and extensive land, is located in the province of Alicante, Valencia, Spain, only a few miles from the Mediterranean Sea. After being possessed by the Crown of Aragon, in 1429 the barony was bestowed by King John II of Aragon, father of King Ferdinand of Spain the Catholic upon the Fajardo de Mendoza family. The most notable Barons of Polop are the Infantes of Aragon and Doña Beatriz Fajardo de Mendoza y Guzmán, Lady of Albudeyte. Other people associated with the Barony include the Castilian nobleman Don Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, better known as El Cid Campeador. == History == Its origins date back to the conquest of Hispania by the Moors who occupied the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century, when a fortress was built and named Polop.〔Fuster Pérez, Joaquín. ''Baronía de Polop'', Ayuntamiento de Polop de la Marina, Polop de la Marina, 1992.〕 In the 11th century, as it is related in the Historia Roderici ("History of Rodrigo"), El Cid Campeador occupied Polop Castle in 1089–1090 before conquering the city of Valencia in 1094.〔Der Islam. ''Al-Azraq's Surrender Treaty with Jaume I and Prince Alfonso in 1245''.〕 Following his conquest of the Kingdom of Valencia, King James I of Aragon offered Polop Castle to the Muslim leader Mohammad Abu Abdallah Ben Hudzail al Sahuir until 1258 when the latter was defeated during a failed attempt against the life of the monarch.〔Burns, Robert I. S.J. "The Crusade against Al-Azraq: A Thirteenth-Century Mudejar Revolt in International Perspective" in the ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 93, No. 1, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, February 1988.〕 In the 13th century, Polop became a feudal barony〔Madramaní Calatayud, Mariano. ''Tratado de la Nobleza de la Corona de Aragón'', Valencia, 1787.〕 under the Charter of Sobrarbe.〔Giesey, Ralph E. ''If not, not. The Oath of the Aragonese and the Legendary Laws of Sobrarbe'', Princeton, New Jersey, 1968.〕 In 1268 the barony was granted by King James I to his distant cousin, Berenguela Alfonso, who had become his concubine after his wife, Teresa Gil de Vidaure, allegedly developed leprosy, but returned to the Crown upon her death without issue.〔Delgado, Angel y Dieste, José Damian. ''El Rey Conquistador: La Crónica Oculta de Jaime I'', Edhasa, Barcelona, 2008.〕 In 1271 the King revived it for the knight Don Beltran de Bellpuig and, upon his death without issue, for Admiral Don Bernat de Sarrià. During most of the 14th century the infantes of Aragon administered the lordship and were styled as Barons of Polop. In those years, Polop Castle continued being a strategic place to prevent the invasion of the large Muslim population. Since the 15th century until the present days, the lordship has passed by personal descent through several generations of the Fajardo de Mendoza family and its heirs. It was on 17 December 1430 when the Infante John II of Aragon, King of Navarre through his marriage to Queen Blanche I of Navarre, granted it to his Lord-in-Waiting and Chamberlain Don Rodrigo Díaz de Mendoza and his heirs. Such grant was confirmed by his brother King Alfonso V of Aragon by Royal Charter of 1437. In 1727 King Philip V of Spain issued a Royal Charter allowing baronies in the Crown of Aragon to become titles of nobility in their own right. For instance, the Barony of la Pobadilla and the Barony of Bellpuig made use of such privilege in 1728 and 1923 respectively. Following the abolition of the feudal system in the 19th century, Polop, like other Spanish feudal baronies and lordships, became obsolete but never extinct. In particular, the Abolition of Feudal Tenure (Spain) Act 1820 (''Ley de Desvinculaciones de 1820'') simply took away the legal and juridical rights pertaining to these lordships but preserved the property rights attached to them and the dignity of their honours including the right to use the feudal title and the coat of arms. In the present days, despite having no political power as such, lordships, like titles of nobility, simply remain rights held as prerogative of honour. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barony of Polop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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